While part of the USSR, the semiconductor industry of Belarus was in the lead of the mass manufacturing of main-stream semiconductor elements, ICs and computer chips. Even though the most advanced chips were manufactured in Zelenograd (in suburban Moscow) Belarusian enterprises were mostly focused on consumer electronics and mid-level ICs.
The main semiconductor consortium in Belarus – Research and Production Corporation “Integral” – remains the largest semiconductor company in Eastern Europe. Many of the ICs manufactured in Russia are reverse engineered or even direct copies of Western ICs. There are even conversion tables of Western to Russian types of chips and ICs. Last year Integral sold about 100 million US$ worth memory chips to Japan.